Between 1770 and 1780, the shadow of the Oyo Empire loomed large over the Yoruba people. The Alaafin, the powerful king of Oyo, wielded absolute authority, extending his reach through his tribute collectors, the Ilaris. These ruthless officials descended upon the Yoruba tribes, demanding exorbitant taxes, crushing the spirit of the people and draining their resources.

In Abeokuta, the Egba people chafed under this oppressive yoke. The Ilaris, with their arrogant demands and brutal tactics, had become a symbol of Oyo tyranny. Yet, resistance seemed futile. The Oyo army, a formidable force, struck fear into the hearts of the Egba, and many had resigned themselves to their fate.

But not Lisabi. This visionary leader, consumed by a burning desire for freedom, refused to accept the status quo. He understood the daunting challenge ahead. Convincing his people to rise against the mighty Oyo Empire would require courage, unity, and a profound belief in their own strength.Undeterred by the seemingly insurmountable odds, Lisabi devised a cunning plan to weaken Oyo's grip. He recognized that economic strength was crucial for any successful resistance. To this end, he established "Egbe Aro," a revolutionary cooperative for farmers.

This innovative system saw farmers working together, rotating labor on each other's fields. Lisabi, a tireless worker, led by example. He poured his heart and soul into every task, exceeding expectations on every farm. Inspired by his dedication, the farmers vowed to reciprocate, ensuring that Lisabi's own fields flourished under their collective effort.

When the time finally arrived for the farmers to reciprocate Lisabi's unwavering dedication, he stunned them with an unexpected demand. Instead of asking for their labor, he declared war on the Oyo Empire.

A wave of shock and fear rippled through the Egbe Aro. War against the mighty Oyo was a terrifying prospect. Yet, the farmers, bound by their promises to their leader, found the courage to rise up. To disappoint Lisabi, to break their word after all he had done for them, was unthinkable.

With Lisabi at the helm, they meticulously planned their attack. In a daring and audacious move, the Egba farmers launched a surprise assault in 1780, inflicting a devastating blow upon the Oyo Empire. A staggering 600 Ilaris, the symbols of Oyo oppression, were annihilated in a single, decisive strike.

The Alaafin, enraged by the Egba rebellion, dispatched a formidable army to crush the uprising and reassert Oyo dominance. However, the emboldened Egba, battle-hardened by their initial victory, met the Oyo forces with fierce resistance. The Oyo army, unprepared for such fierce opposition, suffered a humiliating defeat.

This decisive victory shattered the yoke of Oyo oppression. The Egba people, finally liberated from the burden of tribute payments, embarked on a new era of self-governance. Lisabi, ever the visionary, recognized the need for enduring security. He spearheaded the construction of fortified walls and deep trenches around key Egba cities, creating a formidable defense against future attacks.

Furthermore, Lisabi forged a crucial alliance with the Oke-Ogun people, uniting their forces to counter the threat posed by the fearsome Dahomey Amazon warriors. These strategic alliances ensured the long-term security and independence of the Egba nation.

In the aftermath of his triumphs, Lisabi mysteriously vanished into the depths of the Egba Forest. This enigmatic disappearance added to his legendary status, shrouding him in an aura of mystique. He became a revered figure, almost mythical in his stature, celebrated as a hero who had liberated his people from the shackles of oppression. The forest where he vanished, now known as Igbo Lisabi, remains a sacred site, a testament to the enduring legacy of this extraordinary leader.

Lisabi Festival: A Legacy Endures: Celebrating the Spirit of Freedom

The spirit of Lisabi continues to resonate through the ages. Each year, the Egba people gather to celebrate the Lisabi Festival, a vibrant seven-day event held annually around February and March. This joyous occasion is a time to honor the memory of the legendary hero who led the fight for freedom against Oyo oppression.

The festival kicks off with a resounding boom of cannons echoing from the majestic Olumo Rock, a powerful symbol of Egba resilience. This thunderous proclamation signals the start of the festivities, inviting all to join in the celebration.

The Alake of Egbaland, the revered spiritual and political leader, offers traditional prayers for the continued prosperity and well-being of the Egba Kingdom. The vibrant atmosphere is further enlivened by a captivating array of events: intellectual pursuits with a stimulating quiz competition at the Centenary Hall, a fascinating showcase of Egba culture at the Ake Palace exhibitions, and the exhilarating Lisabi Football Competition held at the M.K.O. Abiola Stadium.A poignant highlight of the festival is the solemn procession to "Igbo Lisabi," the sacred forest where the legendary hero vanished. Egba Kings, Chiefs, Baales (traditional rulers), esteemed personalities, and enthusiastic youth participate in this moving tribute, reaffirming their connection to their illustrious past.

The Lisabi Festival is more than just a commemoration; it is a vibrant celebration of freedom, a testament to the enduring spirit of the Egba people, and a reminder of the importance of courage, unity, and perseverance in the face of adversity.

A Homecoming for the Egba Diaspora: A Celebration of Unity and Heritage

The Lisabi Festival serves as a powerful homecoming for Egba sons and daughters scattered across the globe. It is a time for them to return to their ancestral home in Abeokuta, Ogun State, to celebrate the fearless and brave feats of Lisabi and reconnect with their rich cultural heritage.

Standing as a majestic guardian over the city, the Olumo Rock holds a special place in the hearts of the Egba people. This iconic landmark, a natural fortress that provided refuge during times of war, remains a powerful symbol of their resilience and unwavering spirit. It is no wonder that it attracts tourists from far and wide, offering breathtaking views and a glimpse into the historical significance of this remarkable city.The festival itself is a dazzling spectacle, a vibrant showcase of Egba culture and tradition. The air is filled with the sounds of lively music and the rhythmic beats of traditional drums. Resplendent attire, adorned with intricate beadwork and vibrant colors, adds to the visual feast. Deftly plaited hairstyles, intricate and unique to the Egba people, are a testament to their artistic prowess. Acrobatic dance steps, performed with grace and precision, mesmerize the audience, while traditional songs, filled with rich history and deep emotion, transport listeners to another era.

The Alake of Egbaland, the revered King of the Egba Kingdom, plays a central role in the festivities. He graciously receives his subjects, belonging to different age grades, at the palace, where they pay homage to their esteemed leader and strengthen the bonds of community.The festival's cultural tapestry is woven with threads of diverse religious expression. On Friday, the air resonates with the collective prayers of the Muslim community as they gather for Jumat prayers at the historic Central Mosque in Kobiti.

The culmination arrives on Saturday, a day of vibrant energy and pulsating rhythms. The "Woro" dancers, adorned in colorful attire and adorned with intricate masks, emerge from various corners of the city, their rhythmic drumming and captivating dance moves creating a mesmerizing spectacle. This vibrant procession culminates at the Ake Palace Ground, where the energy reaches its peak.

Sunday dawns with a sense of spiritual renewal as Christian faithfuls gather for a thanksgiving service, offering prayers of gratitude for the blessings bestowed upon the community. However, as the sun sets and the moon ascends, a different kind of energy takes hold. The night belongs to the "Oro" masquerade, a sacred and deeply revered tradition.

Under the cloak of darkness, the "Oro" emerges, its presence marked by a deep, resonant hum. It is a tradition steeped in ancient beliefs, a powerful symbol of ancestral spirits and the spiritual well-being of the community. Women and children are advised to remain indoors, for encountering the "Oro" is considered taboo, carrying potential consequences that range from infertility to insanity.The festival's cultural tapestry is woven with threads of diverse religious expression.

A Tapestry of Music, Dance, Ritual, Music, Costumes and Make-up.

Music plays an integral role in the festivities, filling the air with vibrant rhythms and joyous melodies. The beating of traditional drums, accompanied by the melodious voices of young and old, creates an atmosphere of celebration and excitement. A diverse range of musical styles are showcased, from ancient folk songs to contemporary tunes, incorporating both traditional and modern instruments. The "Egba Anthem," a powerful symbol of unity and pride, is frequently sung throughout the festival, echoing through the streets and inspiring a sense of collective identity.

Dance

The festival is a vibrant spectacle of dance, with both the people and the masquerades showcasing a captivating array of movements. Traditional dances, such as the graceful Bata, performed by both men and women, and the energetic Sango dance, are celebrated with enthusiasm. While the youth may infuse the festivities with contemporary dance styles, the elders continue to uphold the time-honored traditions, ensuring that these cherished dances are passed down through generations.

Rituals of Reverence:

"Igbo Lisabi," the sacred forest where the legendary hero vanished, remains the epicenter of many of the festival's rituals. Here, amidst the ancient trees and mystical atmosphere, traditional rites are performed to appease the spirit of Lisabi Agbongbo Akala. These rituals often involve invocations and evocations, seeking blessings and guidance from the revered ancestor.

The presence of "Oro," the sacred masquerade, is a prominent feature of these rituals. Only men are permitted to witness the "Oro" procession, as it carries deep spiritual significance and is believed to hold potent spiritual power. Women are traditionally advised to remain indoors, as encountering the "Oro" is considered taboo, potentially leading to unforeseen consequences.

Costume and Makeup

The festival is a kaleidoscope of colors, with attendees adorning themselves in traditional attire. Women gracefully drape themselves in vibrant "iro and buba," while men opt for elegant "kembe and buba" or the flowing "sokoto gigun and buba."

"Aso-ofi," a luxurious fabric, is often reserved for royalty, chiefs, and esteemed members of the community, adding a touch of grandeur to the occasion. "Adire," also known as "kanpala," a unique cloth-resist dyeing technique indigenous to the Egba people, is widely used by the community, creating a visual tapestry of intricate patterns and vibrant colors.

Makeup plays a vital role in enhancing the beauty and cultural expression of the attendees. Women and children adorn themselves with traditional cosmetics, such as "tiro," a vibrant eye pencil, and "atike," a finely powdered cosmetic.

The distinctive facial markings, a cherished tradition of the Egba people, are prominently displayed. These unique tribal marks, often placed symmetrically on the cheeks, serve as a powerful symbol of identity, instantly identifying an individual as an Egba.

Language: Egba Dialect

The vibrant atmosphere of the festival is further enriched by the lively exchange of the Egba dialect, a unique variation of the Yoruba language. This distinct dialect, spoken by all attendees, from young to old, adds a layer of cultural richness to the festivities, fostering a sense of shared identity and belonging.

The Lisabi Festival is a testament to the enduring power of cultural expression. Through the intricate details of costume, makeup, and language, the Egba people celebrate their unique heritage, connecting with their ancestors and ensuring that their rich cultural traditions continue to thrive for generations to come.

Reference

Exploring the Theatrical Elements of

Lisabi Festival of the Egba People in

Abeokuta, Nigeria, 2020. Olanrewaju Isiak BALOGUN

Honoring an Egba Hero: The 37th Lisabi Festival’s Tribute to Valor and Activism, 2024. Emmanuel Solate.

Photo Credit; Masquerade image by Nairland Forum

Photo Credit; Warrior image bracelet Shedevrum.